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Fresh Water Generator = Βραστήρας ή Βαπορέτα
Πηγή Εικόνας: Alfa Laval Type JWP-26-C Series
Fresh Water Generator
Ο Fresh Water Generator γράφεται σύντομα ως F.W.G. και αποδίδεται στα ελληνικά ως παραγωγός γλυκού νερού, αλλά έχει επικρατήσει να ονομάζεται ως βαπορέτα ή βραστήρας ή Αποστακτήρας.
Με το βραστήρα παράγουμε αποσταγμένο νερό από θαλασσινό νερό.
Η διαδικασία της μετατροπής πραγματοποιείται με δυο εναλλακτήρες θερμότητας.
Ο ένας καλείται εξατμιστήρας (Evaporator) ή βραστήρας και μέσα σ' αυτόν το νερό θερμαίνεται, βράζει και εξατμίζεται.
Ο άλλος καλείται συμπυκνωτής (condenser) ή ψυγείο και μέσα σ’ αυτόν ο παραγόμενος ατμός ψύχεται με θαλασσινό νερό και συμπυκνώνεται σε αποσταγμένο νερό.
Αρχή Λειτουργίας
Ο βραστήρας (FWG) τη θερμότητα για την εξάτμιση του θαλασσινού νερού την λαμβάνει από το νερό ψύξεως (jacket) της κυρίας μηχανής.
Μέρος του νερού ψύξεως της μηχανής, που κανονικά έχει θερμοκρασία 60oC-65oC στην εξαγωγή από την κινητήρια μηχανή, οδηγείται στον εναλλακτήρα θερμότητας του βραστήρα. Εκεί κυκλοφορεί και αποδίδει θερμότητα στο θαλασσινό νερό.
Το θαλασσινό αυτό νερό εξατμίζεται, μια και το σημείο βρασμού του είναι περίπου στους 38οC λόγω του κενού που δημιουργείται στο βραστήρα από τον εκχυτήρα (περίπου 93%) (τσιφάρι ή ejector). Ο παραγόμενος ατμός στον εναλλακτήρα θερμότητας διέρχεται μέσω του διαχωριστήρα (demister) και οδηγείται προς το ψυγείο (συμπυκνωτή), όπου ψύχεται από το θαλασσινό νερό, που κυκλοφορεί δια μέσου των αυλών του ψυγείου εσωτερικά.
Ο εκχυτήρας δημιουργεί κενό στο βραστήρα (περίπου 93% ) και σ’ αυτό οφείλεται η χαμηλή θερμοκρασία εξατμίσεως (περίπου 38οC) του θαλασσινού νερού.
Η αντλία του εκχυτήρα (ejector pump) είναι κοινή κεντρόφυγη αντλία, που στέλνει θαλασσινό νερό προς τον εκχυτήρα.
Η αντλία αναρροφήσεως συμπυκνώματος (Fresh Water Pump) αναρροφά το παραγόμενο γλυκό
νερό από το ψυγείο του βραστήρα και το καταθλίβει στις δεξαμενές γλυκού νερού του πλοίου.
Χρήσιμες Επεξηγήσεις
Ejector Pump = Αντλία εκχυτήρα ή τζιφαριού
A pump that feeds driving water to the Water Ejector of the Fresh Water Generator.
Μια αντλία που τροφοδοτεί το τζιφάρι του βραστήρα.
Feed Water = Τροφοδοτικό νερό
Seawater that is a source of distillate.
Το θαλασσινό νερό είναι η πηγή της απόσταξης
Deflector = ανακλαστήρας
A plate that separates seawater particles being transported together with the vapor generated in the Evaporator.
Μία πλάκα που διαχωρίζει τα θαλάσσια σωματίδια που μεταφέρονται μαζί με τον παραγόμενο ατμό στον βραστήρα.
Evaporator = Εξατμιστήρας
Being composed of the Evaporation Chamber, Deflector and Mesh Separator, the Evaporator evaporates seawater.
Ο εξατμιστήρας παράγει θαλασσινό νερό, το οποίο διέρχεται μέσα στο θάλαμο εξάτμισης, τον ανακλαστήρα και τον διαχωριστήρα.
Distillate (Product Water) = Απόσταγμα
Water generated by condensation of vapor generated in the Evaporator.
Το νερό παράγεται από τη συμπύκνωση του ατμού που παράγεται από τον εξατμιστήρα.
Distillate Pump = Αντλία αποστάγματος (νερού)
A pump that transfers the distillate produced in the Fresh Water Generator to the Fresh Water Tank.
Μία αντλία που μεταφέρει το αποσταγμένο νερό από τον βραστήρα στην δεξαμενή γλυκού νερού.
Fresh Water Generator = Βραστήρας
A unit that produces distillate from fresh water or seawater.
Μία μονάδα που παράγει αποσταγμένο νερό από γλυκό η θαλασσινό νερό.
Water Ejector = Τζιάρι νερού
A device that evacuates the Evaporator and discharges cooling seawater and brine overboard.
Μία συσκευή η οποία δημιουργεί κενό στον βραστήρα και καταθλύβει το ψυχόμενο νερό και την άλμη έξω από το πλοίο.
Condenser = Συμπυκνωτής
A heat exchanger that condenses vapor into distillate.
Ένας εναλλάκτης θερμότητας που συμπυκνώνει των ατμό σε απόσταγμα.
Alfa Laval Type - JWP-26-C Series
Procedure for Starting
1. Open valves on the suction and discharge side of the ejector pump.
2. Open overboard valve for ejector.
3. Close air valve on the upper part of the separator vessel.
4. Start ejector pump to create a vacuum of min. 90%.
Pressure at ejector inlet minimum 350 kPa (3.5 kp/cm2).
Back pressure at ejector outlet maximum 60 kPa (0.6 kp/cm2).
5. When there is a minimum of 90% vacuum, open very slowly hot water inlet and outlet valves from jacket cooling system.
6. Start hot water supply to evaporator section by adjusting by-pass valve, until the desired jacket water temperature is reached inlet 75oC outlet 60oC
The boiling temperature inside the separator vessel ought to be about 40oC.
ATTENTION
Improper hot water flow / adjust by – pass / will cause the following effects:
In case the flow is too low – low boiling temperature, drop the fresh water production / High brine level in sight glass in separator vessel.
In case the flow is too big – high boiling water temperature, drop of fresh water production, increase of salinity and drop of vacuum/ low brine level in sight glass is separator vessel.
7. Switch on Salinometer.
8. Start Fresh Water Pump.
ATTENTION
During the first few minutes, after fresh water pumo starts, salinity of produces water may be higher than 2 ppm, this it is recommended to dump it to bilge / open valve on the discharge side of fresh water pump. When evaporation starts, the boiling temperature rises, while the obtained vacuum drops to aprox. 90%. After few minutes normal vacuum and boiling temperature is re established.
Procedure for Stopping
1. Fully open by pass valve.
2. Close the inlet and outlet valve of jacket.
3. Stop fresh water pump.
4. Switch off salinometer
5. Wait to decrease the temperature.
6. Stop the ejector pump.
7. Open the air valve.
8. Close the valves in the suction and discharge side of the ejector pump.
9. Close overboard valve for ejector.
Βιβλία:
Βοηθητικά Μηχανήματα Πλοίων, Δανιήλ Γ. & Μιμηκόπουλου Κ., Ίδρυμα Ευγενίδου
Δεσμός: https://www.eugenfound.edu.gr/appdata/documents/books_pdf/e_j00048.pdf
Χρήσιμοι δεσμοί:
Βίντεο: How Fresh Water is Generated from Sea Water on Ships?
Παρουσίαση
https://wlxt.whut.edu.cn/new/zlgc/ljgcsy/data/uploadfile/20120219201257245.swf
Instruction Manual Alfa Laval JWP-26-C80
https://www.doc88.com/p-898241311525.html
Simulator:
Alfa Laval
https://www.alfalaval.com/industries/marine/desalination/Pages/desalination.aspx
Ilseung
Atlas Sasakura
https://www.sasakura.co.jp/e/products/index.html
Επιμέλεια Μενής Ιωάννης
Θέμα: Fresh Water Generator
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